Using Higher Yield Stress rather than Standard SMYS

Typically, pipeline engineering design and installation analysis will use the Specified Min Yield Stress of a material grade, such as 450 MPa for the X65. Using the SMYS adds a layer of safety ( conservatism ) into the pipeline system's overall design life because the pipe mill's actual material yield is usually higher.

However, the yield strength data point from the test is random. The value is also quite inconsistent. For example, how do you push the limit for a local buckling check with statistical yield data? How do you fulfil the criteria in DNVGL-ST-F101❓